Consenso Colombiano para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de condiciones trombóticas en pacientes adultos con COVID-19: aplicando el Marco de la Evidencia a la Decisión (EtD) GRADE / Colombian consensus for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic conditions in adult patients with COVID-19: applying GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) Frameworks

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Abstract Recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic. In this context, the aim was to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods: A rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis. Results: 31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: Recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic.

Anestesia y Analgesia para corrección de extroña vesical. Reporte de tres casos / Anaesthesia and analgesia for bladder exstrophy correction. Case reports

Introduction: Neonatal bladder exstrophy repairs imply correcting the genitourinary malformation, and closing and stabilizing the pelvic girdle with external fixation and traction. Successful results are achieved in terms of reduced urinary incontinence, adequate aesthetic appearance, improved quality of life, reduction of the risk associated with neonatal surgery and minimization of the number of procedures associated with multistage repairs. In such procedures, prolonged perioperative anaesthesia is key for the patient to tolerate the traction and external fixation, to help osteotomy healing, and to reduce tension in the surgical wound. Patients' age and weight have an effect on the risk of toxicity from local anaesthetics and respiratory depression from opioid analgesics. The prolonged use of caudal catheters in the management of these cases is associated with infection at the insertion site. Case presentation: The article presents the cases of three infants between 7 months and 1 year of age taken to bladder exstrophy repair and pelvic osteotomy with tunnelled caudal catheter and continuous local anaesthetic infusion as perioperative anaesthetic management technique. The use of these techniques was aimed at reducing the risk of infection at the insertion site and the risks associated with prolonged pain management in infants. Conclusion: The cases suggest that tunnelled caudal catheter placement and continuous local anaesthetic infusion are safe techniques in the management of prolonged anaesthesia in infants, decreasing the risk of insertion site infection.

Introducción: La corrección de la extrofia vesical en el lactante menor implica la reparación de la malformación genitourinaria y el cierre y estabilización del anillo pélvico utilizando un tutor externo y tracción. Se obtienen resultados exitosos en la continencia urinaria del paciente, adecuado aspecto estético y buena calidad de vida reduciendo el riesgo que implica la cirugía neonatal y minimizando el número de procedimientos. La analgesia postoperatoria prolongada es fundamental para tolerar el tutor y/o la tracción, permitir la cicatrización de las osteotomías y reducir la tensión sobre la herida quirúrgica. La edad y el peso de estos pacientes aumentan el riesgo de toxicidad por anestésico local y de depresión respiratoria con el uso de opioides, al igual que el uso prolongado de catéteres caudales se asocia a infección del sitio de inserción. Presentación de caso: Se describen tres casos de lactantes de 7 meses a 1 ano de edad llevados a corrección de extrofia vesical y osteotomía pélvica mas fijación con tutor externo donde el manejo analgésico postoperatorio se realizó mediante la infusión de anestésico local por catéter caudal tunelizado para prolongar el tiempo de analgesia y reducir el riesgo de infección. Conclusión: Se señala el uso de la tunelización de los catéteres caudales y la infusión continua de anestésico local como técnica segura para el manejo analgésico prologado en el paciente lactante con reducción del riesgo de infección del sitio de inserción.